Advancing the prevention and control of zoonoses supported by One Health approach.

With the acceleration of globalization, the sustained increase of mobility, the intensification of global warming and environmental changes, the transmission of diseases has become more diverse. In recent years, the corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19) has caused huge economic losses and social unrest around the world. A single-discipline has been unable to solve such complex public health problems effectively. The proposal and development of the One Health approach is closely related to the issues on veterinary medicine and zoonoses. One Health focuses on intradisciplinary, multi-sectoral, and cross-fields collaboration at three levels, including local, regional and global levels, to explore the humans-animals-environment interface complexity. In this review, the development process of One Health approach was introduced. The relationship between the One Health and zoonoses, the role of the One Health in the prevention and control of zoonoses, and how to effectively implement the One Health approach in the real world were explored, providing references for research on zoonoses prevention and control, anti-microbial resistance, food safety, and the impact of climate change on health.Copyright © 2022, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases. All rights reserved.

The strategy on One Health development in China based on SWOT analysis.

The pandemic of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide has prompted the use One Health concept to solve health problems and improve the public health governance system. Using the Superiority Weakness Opportunity Threats (SWOT) analysis method to analyze the opportunities and challenges brought by the current development of One Health in China. The results show that the current advantage is that the Chinese government attaches great importance to One Health, and Chinese scholars are also actively involved in the development of One Health, but there are still disadvantages of weak foundation and low international influence. At the same time, with the opportunity for more recognition of the concept of One Health in the world, China is facing challenges such as insufficient talent competitiveness and unbalanced development in the development of One Health. In this regard, this paper puts forward the strategies and key research contents for developing One Health in China to provide ideas for promoting the development of One Health in China.Copyright © 2022, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases. All rights reserved.

Integrated surveillance and early warning system for emerging infectious diseases based on One Health concept: Structures and innovations.

One Health is an upgrade and optimization of health concepts, which recognizes the integrated health of the human-animal-environment. It emphasizes the use of interdisciplinary collaboration, multi-sectoral coordination, and multi-organizational One Health approaches to solve scientific questions. The surveillance and early warning system is the basis of public health emergency prevention and control. The COVID-19 pandemic and the emerging infectious disease (EID) have put great challenges on the existing surveillance and early warning systems worldwide. Guided by the concept of One Health, we attempt to build a new pattern of integrated surveillance and early warning system for EID. We will detail the system including the One Health-based organizational structure, zoonotic and environmental science surveillance network, EID reporting process, and support and guarantee from education and policy. The integrated surveillance and early warning system for EID constructed here has practical and application prospects, and will provide guidance for the prevention and control of COVID-19 and the possible EID in the future.Copyright © 2022, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases. All rights reserved.

Prevalence and Persistence of Hypovitaminosis D among Italian Patients with Myocardial Infarction

Background: Hypovitaminosis D is common in the Italian population and has a comparable effect to diabetes mellitus on survival after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We aimed to evaluate if the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D changed over time, considering also frequent lockdowns in the last years due to COVID-19 pandemic. Method(s): According to the year of enrollment, we divided our cohort of 1042 patients hospitalized for AMI, into three groups (group 1 with 368 patients enrolled from 2014 till 2016, group 2 with 470 patients enrolled in the period from 2017 till 2019, and group 3 including 204 patients enrolled in the last three years, from 2020 till 2022) and evaluate whether the concentration of vitamin D changed in the last decade. Result(s): The median concentration of vitamin D in our cohort of patients with AMI was 18.2 (11.48-25.73) ng/ml). Throughout the three groups (2014-2016, 2017-2019, 2020-2022), the median plasma vitamin D showed a trend toward an increase (17.3 (10.33-24.2) ng/ml, 18.95 (11.6-26.73) ng/ml, and 19.05 (12.5-27.3) ng/ml respectively), which was significant between the group 1 vs 2 and 3 (p = 0.033 and p = 0.004, respectively), while between the group 2 and 3 did not. Despite the trend of increase, the percentage of patients with hypovitaminosis D in each group remained high (61.4%, 53.8% and 52.0% respectively). As expected, samples taken between May and September have significantly higher vitamin D values compared to ones taken from October to April for each group (the group 1: 21.80 (15.55-31.23) ng/ml vs 15.8 (9.22-23.98) ng/ml, p < 0.0001;the group 2: 22.05 (14.10-30.98) ng/ml vs 16.50 (11.03-23.90) ng/ml, p < 0.0001);the group 3: 20.00 (11.90-26.90) ng/ml vs 16.30 (9.75-22.30) ng/ml, p = 0.001). Conclusion(s): There has been a trend of increasing vitamin D values over the years, but hypovitaminosis D remains frequent. During the pandemic, vitamin D levels did not decrease due to frequent lockdowns, possibly due to media awareness that emphasized the significance of vitamin D administration against viral infection.

Integrated surveillance and early warning system for emerging infectious diseases based on One Health concept: Structures and innovations

One Health is an upgrade and optimization of health concepts, which recognizes the integrated health of the human-animal-environment. It emphasizes the use of interdisciplinary collaboration, multi-sectoral coordination, and multi-organizational One Health approaches to solve scientific questions. The surveillance and early warning system is the basis of public health emergency prevention and control. The COVID-19 pandemic and the emerging infectious disease (EID) have put great challenges on the existing surveillance and early warning systems worldwide. Guided by the concept of One Health, we attempt to build a new pattern of integrated surveillance and early warning system for EID. We will detail the system including the One Health-based organizational structure, zoonotic and environmental science surveillance network, EID reporting process, and support and guarantee from education and policy. The integrated surveillance and early warning system for EID constructed here has practical and application prospects, and will provide guidance for the prevention and control of COVID-19 and the possible EID in the future. © 2022, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases. All rights reserved.

The strategy on One Health development in China based on SWOT analysis

The pandemic of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide has prompted the use One Health concept to solve health problems and improve the public health governance system. Using the Superiority Weakness Opportunity Threats (SWOT) analysis method to analyze the opportunities and challenges brought by the current development of One Health in China. The results show that the current advantage is that the Chinese government attaches great importance to One Health, and Chinese scholars are also actively involved in the development of One Health, but there are still disadvantages of weak foundation and low international influence. At the same time, with the opportunity for more recognition of the concept of One Health in the world, China is facing challenges such as insufficient talent competitiveness and unbalanced development in the development of One Health. In this regard, this paper puts forward the strategies and key research contents for developing One Health in China to provide ideas for promoting the development of One Health in China. © 2022, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases. All rights reserved.

Advancing the prevention and control of zoonoses supported by One Health approach

With the acceleration of globalization, the sustained increase of mobility, the intensification of global warming and environmental changes, the transmission of diseases has become more diverse. In recent years, the corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19) has caused huge economic losses and social unrest around the world. A single-discipline has been unable to solve such complex public health problems effectively. The proposal and development of the One Health approach is closely related to the issues on veterinary medicine and zoonoses. One Health focuses on intradisciplinary, multi-sectoral, and cross-fields collaboration at three levels, including local, regional and global levels, to explore the humans-animals-environment interface complexity. In this review, the development process of One Health approach was introduced. The relationship between the One Health and zoonoses, the role of the One Health in the prevention and control of zoonoses, and how to effectively implement the One Health approach in the real world were explored, providing references for research on zoonoses prevention and control, anti-microbial resistance, food safety, and the impact of climate change on health. © 2022, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases. All rights reserved.

[Challenges of schistosomiasis control in China during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the implementation of schistosomiasis control activities in China during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, so as to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 epidemic on the national schistosomiasis control program in China. METHODS: On April 2020, 3 counties (districts) were randomly selected from each of the 12 schistosomiasis-endemic provinces (municipality, autonomous region), and a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the implementation of schistosomiasis control activities in these counties (districts) from January to March 2020. Then, the impact of the COVID-19 epidemics on the national schistosomiasis control program of China was evaluated using a comparative analysis approach. RESULTS: Among the 36 counties (cities, districts) sampled from 12 provinces (municipality, autonomous region), 66.67% were at a high and medium risk of COVID-19 epidemics. The implementation of schistosomiasis control activities assignment, human schistosomiasis examination and treatment, snail control with chemical treatment and health education reduced by 44.26% to 91.56% as compared to 2019 during the same time period, and the schistosomiasis control program was more affected by COVID-19 in transmission-controlled provinces. The gross funds invested into the schistosomiasis control program reduced by 23.39% in relative to the expected, while the total expenditure increased by 41.22%. In addition, all 36 surveyed counties (districts) considered that the COVID-19 epidemic had a short-term impact on the schistosomiasis control program, with the most predominant impact on schistosomiasis control activities assignment, human resources and monitoring of endemic situation of schistosomiasis. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 epidemics affect the routine schistosomiasis control program across the endemic-foci of China. Policy and financial support should be strengthened to ensure the completion of the schistosomiasis control program.